Dear CP2K community,<br /><div><br /></div><div>I am trying to compute the surface-normal dipole moment of an NHC-type molecule adsorbed on an Ag(111) slab (258 atoms; hexagonal cell, a = b = 23.068 Å, γ = 120°, c = 50 or 80 Å). The system is periodic in XY (set in &CELL and &POISSON) and charge neutral. Settings: CP2K 9.1, GPW, optPBE-vdW, Fermi-Dirac smearing at 300 K, POISSON_SOLVER ANALYTIC. The input is attached.</div><div><br /></div><div>Since the Berry-phase formula does not support smearing, I use &MOMENTS with PERIODIC .FALSE. The output reports Electronic = −2272, Core = 2272, Total = 0.000, but the z-dipole depends strongly on the reference point:</div><div><br /></div><div>| REFERENCE | c = 50 Å | c = 80 Å |</div><div>|--------------|----------|----------|</div><div>| COM | 106.1 D | 105.1 D |</div><div>| COAC | 111.1 D | 110.1 D |</div><div>| USER_DEFINED | 775.0 D | 2100.6 D |</div><div>| ZERO | 2503.5 D | 4160.7 D |</div><br /><div>For a neutral system the dipole should be independent of the reference point. The same input with a single H2O molecule in the same 2D cell gives the correct 1.806 D (non-periodic reference: 1.808 D), so the setup itself seems fine to me.</div><div><br /></div><div>The physically expected value is about 10–13 D: integrating the plane-averaged TOT_DENSITY_CUBE along z gives 10.4–12.8 D. The value printed by SURFACE_DIPOLE_CORRECTION in fully periodic runs is −2.16 e·Å (10.4 D). With WAVELET (CP2K 2026.2) &MOMENTS gives 96 D. TOTAL_DIPOLE in &LOCALIZE also gives unphysical values.</div><br />My questions:<br />1. Is the traditional dipole operator in &MOMENTS (PERIODIC .FALSE.) applicable to a system that is periodic in x/y, at least for the non-periodic z component? If not, why does it depend on the reference point?<br />2. Is there a recommended way to obtain the slab dipole directly from CP2K without applying SURFACE_DIPOLE_CORRECTION?<br /><br />Thank you very much for your time.<br /><br />Best regards,<br />Wim Ruhwinkel
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