Hi ...<div><br /></div><div>It is good that the bulk system converges. Do you also obtain the correct electronic structure? The energy cutoff seems very low. </div><div>Are you using k-points for the bulk? Is the PBE functional good enough for this type of systems? 12 grids are too many, just use 4 or 5</div><div><br /></div><div>I suppose that depending on how you cleave the bulk, there might be dangling bonds that should be saturated.</div><div>Maybe the surface needs to go through a reconstruction (just guessing), in this case it might help to adjust the coordinates to avoid too many dangling bonds.</div><div><br /></div><div>Diagonalization is recommended if the energy gap is very small, which can be the case if you have unrelaxed dangling bonds at the surface.</div><div>In this case, a smaller mixing ALPHA parameter might help, like 0.005.</div><div><br /></div><div>Regards</div><div>Marcella</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div> <br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="auto" class="gmail_attr">On Wednesday, October 16, 2024 at 11:57:41 PM UTC+2 lheid...@gmail.com wrote:<br/></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-left: 1ex;">Hi,<br> Thank you for the suggestion! I’ve already tested the <strong>bulk CZTS system</strong> with the same <strong>basis sets, pseudopotentials, and exchange-correlation functional</strong>, and it <strong>converged successfully</strong>. However, the <strong>convergence problem arises only after introducing the 20 Å vacuum layer</strong> and <strong>surface modifications</strong>. I've Adjusted <strong>MAX_SCF</strong> values (up to 500 iterations) and tried various <strong>mixing parameters</strong>, including Broyden mixing, but no improvement. I have attached my input file for more clarification (before switching to OT).<div>Thank you again for your help and suggestions!</div><div>Best regards,</div><div>Layla<br><br></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="auto" class="gmail_attr">On Wednesday, October 16, 2024 at 2:15:52 PM UTC-4 Marcella Iannuzzi wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div><br></div>Hi ..<div><br></div><div>Maybe it simply needs to run for more iterations to converge.</div><div>With the information you provide it is hard to guess.</div><div>Is the electronic structure calculation of the bulk working fine?</div><div>Can you reproduce with your settings (BS, PP, XC etc) the known bulk properties?</div><div><br></div><div>Regards</div><div>Marcella</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="auto" class="gmail_attr">On Wednesday, October 16, 2024 at 7:40:32 PM UTC+2 <a rel="nofollow">lheid...@gmail.com</a> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><p>Hello CP2K community,</p><p>I am running molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on a <strong>Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS)</strong> system using <strong>DFT</strong> in CP2K. Below is a detailed description of my system and the modifications I applied, followed by the SCF convergence issue I am facing.</p><p>Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) system modeled in a periodic box.<br>Unit cell dimensions: 10.8 × 10.8 × 10.8 Å.<br>The goal is to study surface interactions and electronic properties with a vacuum layer.<br><br>A 20 Å vacuum layer was added in the Z direction to simulate surface effects: 10.8 × 10.8 × 30.8 Å<br><br>A layer of sulfur (S) atoms was added to the surface to stabilize the system and account for surface states.<br><br>I attempted hydrogen passivation by capping the dangling bonds with H atoms to further stabilize the surface.<br>I tried running the SCF loop with and without hydrogen passivation, but both cases failed to converge.</p><p>SCF Settings and Methods Tried:<br><b>Orbital Transformation (OT):</b><br>MINIMIZER: DIIS<br>PRECONDITIONER: FULL_SINGLE_INVERSE<br>ENERGY_GAP: 0.001<br>N_HISTORY_VEC: 7<br><b>Diagonalization:</b><br>I disabled the OT section and enabled diagonalization as a fallback method, but the SCF still did not converge. ( I tried different parameters setting)<br>SCF Parameters:<br>SCF_GUESS: ATOMIC<br>EPS_SCF: 1.0E-6<br>MAX_SCF: 100</p><p><b>The SCF loop exits after a few minutes, failing to converge under both OT and diagonalization methods.</b><br>Are there specific SCF settings or preconditioners that can improve convergence for systems with large vacuum gaps?<br>Are there alternative strategies for handling surfaces and vacuum layers that could make the system more stable for electronic structure calculations?<br>Has anyone successfully applied hydrogen passivation to stabilize surfaces and improve SCF convergence in CP2K?<br></p><p>Any suggestions or advice would be greatly appreciated!</p><p>Thank you for your help and support.</p><p><br></p></blockquote></div></blockquote></div></blockquote></div>
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