<p>Hello CP2K community,</p><p>I am running molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on a <strong>Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS)</strong> system using <strong>DFT</strong> in CP2K. Below is a detailed description of my system and the modifications I applied, followed by the SCF convergence issue I am facing.</p><p>Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) system modeled in a periodic box.<br />Unit cell dimensions: 10.8 × 10.8 × 10.8 Å.<br />The goal is to study surface interactions and electronic properties with a vacuum layer.<br /><br />A 20 Å vacuum layer was added in the Z direction to simulate surface effects: 10.8 × 10.8 × 30.8 Å<br /><br />A layer of sulfur (S) atoms was added to the surface to stabilize the system and account for surface states.<br /><br />I attempted hydrogen passivation by capping the dangling bonds with H atoms to further stabilize the surface.<br />I tried running the SCF loop with and without hydrogen passivation, but both cases failed to converge.</p><p>SCF Settings and Methods Tried:<br /><b>Orbital Transformation (OT):</b><br />MINIMIZER: DIIS<br />PRECONDITIONER: FULL_SINGLE_INVERSE<br />ENERGY_GAP: 0.001<br />N_HISTORY_VEC: 7<br /><b>Diagonalization:</b><br />I disabled the OT section and enabled diagonalization as a fallback method, but the SCF still did not converge. ( I tried different parameters setting)<br />SCF Parameters:<br />SCF_GUESS: ATOMIC<br />EPS_SCF: 1.0E-6<br />MAX_SCF: 100</p><p><b>The SCF loop exits after a few minutes, failing to converge under both OT and diagonalization methods.</b><br />Are there specific SCF settings or preconditioners that can improve convergence for systems with large vacuum gaps?<br />Are there alternative strategies for handling surfaces and vacuum layers that could make the system more stable for electronic structure calculations?<br />Has anyone successfully applied hydrogen passivation to stabilize surfaces and improve SCF convergence in CP2K?<br /></p><p>Any suggestions or advice would be greatly appreciated!</p><p>Thank you for your help and support.</p><p><br /></p>
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