When setting GLOBAL > PRINT_LEVEL to HIGH in CP2K, the output information will print multiple force components for each atom. Taking BLYP-D3(BJ) as an example, the force component information is as follows:<br /><div>```</div><div>FORCES [a.u.]<br /><br /> Atom Kind Component X Y Z<br /> 1 1 overlap -0.102528 -0.109573 0.017021<br /> 1 1 overlap_admm 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000<br /> 1 1 kinetic -0.214914 -0.223289 0.034852<br /> 1 1 gth_ppl 0.034635 0.035671 -0.005697<br /> 1 1 gth_nlcc 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000<br /> 1 1 gth_ppnl -0.067610 -0.067784 0.010520<br /> 1 1 core_overlap -0.000000 -0.000000 0.000000<br /> 1 1 rho_core -0.374422 -0.388901 0.047493<br /> 1 1 rho_elec 0.720321 0.742719 -0.100837<br /> 1 1 rho_lri_elec 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000<br /> 1 1 ch_pulay 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000<br /> 1 1 dispersion -0.000250 -0.000123 -0.000138<br /> 1 1 gCP 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000<br /> 1 1 other 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000<br /> 1 1 fock_4c 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000<br /> 1 1 ehrenfest 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000<br /> 1 1 efield 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000<br /> 1 1 eev 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000<br /> 1 1 mp2_non_sep 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000<br /> 1 1 total -0.004768 -0.011281 0.003216<br /></div><div>```</div><div><br /></div><div>I have the following four questions, and I would appreciate it if teachers and seniors could answer them:<br /><br />1. What are the meanings of these force components respectively?<br />2. How are these force component information calculated?<br />3. Do these force components correspond to energy terms in the output file (such as Core Hamiltonian energy, Hartree energy, Exchange-correlation energy, etc.)?<br />4. I noticed that the result obtained in the total section above is exactly opposite in sign to the results starting with ATOMIC FORCES in [a.u.] later. Why is this?<br /></div>
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