<span style="color: rgb(32, 33, 36); font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.25px; white-space: nowrap;">Dear Iannuzzi,</span><div><font color="#202124" face="Roboto, Arial, sans-serif"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25px; white-space: nowrap;"><br /></span></font></div><div><font color="#202124" face="Roboto, Arial, sans-serif"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25px; white-space: nowrap;">Thank you for your comments.</span></font></div><div><font color="#202124" face="Roboto, Arial, sans-serif"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25px; white-space: nowrap;">I have a question. In order to set the total magnetic moments as any values, are the function keyword MULTICLICITY and </span></font>
FIXED_MAGNETIC_MOMENT equal ? If not, could you please tell me the difference ? Thank you.</div><div><br /></div><div>Yue Qiang<br /><br /></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="auto" class="gmail_attr">在2015年11月10日星期二 UTC+9 22:39:45<Marcella Iannuzzi> 写道:<br/></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-left: 1ex;"><div dir="ltr"><div><br></div> Dear Natalie, <div><br></div><div> Ideally it should be always possible that the system converges to the lowest energy state, whereas by fixing the multiplicity the system is </div><div>forced and keep the assigned number of electrons for the two spins up and down. </div><div> On the other hand, to estimate energy differences among different spin states, one can fix the multiplicity and try to prepare an initial guess as close as possible to the desired spin state. If that spin state is at least a metastable state, the wave function should converge there. </div><div><br></div><div>As it should be, cp2k gives both the possibilities. By applying the Fermi-Dirac smearing the occupation of the two spin channels is adjusted in order to reach the lowest energy state. By fixing the multiplicity, the system is forced in a given state, and most probably, the Fermi energy is going to be different for the two spin channels. For a non metallic system this translates to having a different HOMO energy for spin up and spin down. </div><div><br></div><div>Which are the stable states for your system is a problem not really related to cp2k itself, but more to the level of theory and the other approximations of the electronic structure calculations. Are you sure that DFT, or the selected functional, or the basis sets and PPs are adequate to describe the magnetic properties you are interested in? </div><div>If the state you are searching is not a minimum for the model you are using, it will be difficult to converge there.</div><div>Anyway, the Mulliken population analysis is just a rough evaluation of the charge and spin distribution. I would not take the Mulliken values too strictly and I would use also other analysis tools.</div><div><br></div><div>From a more technical point of view, the initial guess obtained by setting the multiplicity and also by the broken symmetry approach can be useful to bias the convergence toward a given state. However, starting from an electronic configuration that is far from any stable state might cause lengthy optimisation procedure. It is also possible that the SCF converges to some wrong result, if it does not find its way back to a reasonable minimum.</div><div><br></div><div>kind regards,</div><div>Marcella</div></div><div dir="ltr"><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br>On Monday, November 9, 2015 at 3:17:59 PM UTC+1, Natalie Austin wrote:<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0;margin-left:0.8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Hello,<br><br>I was able to get FIXED_MAGNETIC_MOMENT to work for an isolated Cu55 cluster. It turns out that there isn't a significant difference in the total energy if I use this keyword or not. However when I incorporated a nickel atom into the cluster (Cu54Ni), the optimization process was really slow (3 steps in 31 hours). It seems that fixing the magnetic moment in this case is not probable. <br>So my question still stands, is setting the multiplicity important if it is not reflected in the final result when using the fermi keyword?<br><br>Any help with this would be much appreciated<br><br>Thanks, <br>Natalie<br><br><br></div></blockquote></div></div></blockquote></div>
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